World-first genome of Endangered Barbary Macaque sequenced from primate at UK’s only monkey forest

In a world-first scientific milestone, researchers from Liverpool John Moores University, Institute Scientifique de Rabat and the Atlas Golden Wolf Project have successfully sequenced the entire genome of the endangered Barbary macaque, from a monkey at Trentham Monkey Forest - unlocking a powerful new weapon in the fight against extinction.

The groundbreaking DNA map comes from “Crinkle,” a resident of Trentham Monkey Forest, a UK woodland where 140 monkeys roam freely within a 60-acre natural habitat. With this achievement, Crinkle becomes the first of her species to have her complete genetic code decoded.

Why does this matter? It could change conservation forever.

Until now, scientists had no full genetic reference for Barbary macaques - making it incredibly difficult to track populations, understand their genetic health, or identify where trafficked animals were stolen from.

Using this new genomic “master key,” researchers have already traced Crinkle’s roots back to wild populations near Ifrane National Park and Khenifra National Park - two critical strongholds for the species.

Monkey Forest Park Director Matt Lovatt stated: “We’re incredibly proud that a Barbary macaque from Trentham Monkey Forest is at the heart of such a groundbreaking scientific achievement. Crinkle represents not just our forest, but a species facing real threats in the wild, knowing that her DNA could help protect Barbary macaques from poaching and illegal trade is something truly special. What’s particularly exciting is that this research connects the monkeys here in the UK directly back to their wild origins in North Africa. It really highlights how important international collaboration is - what happens in places like Ifrane National Park doesn’t stay there, it’s part of a much bigger global conservation story.”

And here’s the real gamechanger…

In 2024, scientists conducted a nationwide effort across Morocco, collecting non-invasive DNA samples from wild Barbary macaques. The result? A detailed genetic map that acts like a forensic database for the species.

Dr Patrick Tkaczynski from Liverpool John Moores University: “Barbary macaques used to be found all around the Mediterranean, but now they are isolated to a few pockets across North Africa and Gibraltar. Our survey of Morocco was really successful, and we managed to collect non-invasive samples from macaques across their geographic range within that country, from the Rif Mountains in the North, all the way down to High Atlas Mountains in the South.”

Now, when authorities seize trafficked Barbary macaques from the illegal pet trade, they can pinpoint exactly where the animal came from - a major breakthrough that could revolutionise anti-poaching efforts and help return animals to the wild where they belong.

Prof Sidi Imad Cherkaoui from Institute Scientifique de Rabat: “The Moroccan government has an Action Plan in place for the conservation of Barbary macaques, and the combination of Crinkle’s genome and our genetic map can dramatically improve our efforts to save this iconic species.”

Park Director Matt Lovatt said “If this kind of science can help identify where trafficked animals have been taken from, it becomes a powerful tool in the fight against wildlife crime. Ultimately, it gives us a better chance of protecting these incredible monkeys in the wild. With populations of Barbary macaques continuing to decline, this DNA breakthrough offers real hope, smarter conservation strategies, targeted protection, and a powerful new tool to fight wildlife crime. For a species on the brink, one monkey’s genome could make all the difference.”